Agro Fossil Free - A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development

Opis ogólny

Global energy demand is increasing, driven by population rise, technological development, and a desire for a better lifestyle. However, because environmental issues such as fossil-fuel-sourced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are emerging as constraints on the nature of energy sources, using renewable and sustainable energy sources is the appropriate and applicable response. Geothermal energy is one form of renewable and sustainable energy, which has certain advantages such as consistency, a vast amount of untapped potential, availability, and a wide range of possible applications that make it an interesting and viable solution for helping meet the world’s energy needs while reducing GHG emissions (especially CO2). We provide a comprehensive review on the evolution of geothermal energy production from its obscure beginnings to the present time by reporting production data from individual countries and collective data of worldwide production. In addition, we provide an overview of relevant technologies at the industrial level, such as site identification, power production methods, and direct use. Finally, we discuss the geothermal power production prospects for 2050, the classification of production capacity on the technology side, and existing roadmaps for points of interest concerning technological development. We hope this review helps to identify existing gaps, future challenges, and areas needing further attention and investigation.